In reality, even in situations where schools may treat pupils the same way, inequalities within the class structure result in unequal opportunities. Another functionalist perspective on education is that of T.W. Meritocracy is an idealistic world - not real 3. read more. There is also a problem that the whole PREVENT and British Values agenda emerged as a response to Islamic fundamentalism it could potentially lead to further marginalisation of Muslim children in schools as the implicit message is that its mainly targeted at making Muslim children conform to this new Britishness (whatever that is!). Doesn't take in the negative effects of education. As higher education institutions embrace new roles and responsibilities, few studies have focused on how the disruptions caused by COVID-19 that helps meet the needs of society and maintain stability. For example, in many countries, such as the United States, it is debatable as to whether or not there is single culture, and there are communities that are largely cut off from the mainstream. Finish the sentence: Latent functions are policies, processes, social patterns, and actions that schools and educational institutions put in place that are not always obvious. Some latent functions of education are as follows: Establishing social networks: Secondary schools and higher education institutions gather together under one roof individuals of a similar age, social background, and sometimes race and ethnicity, depending on where they're located. Functionalists believe that every prosperous and advanced society is based on a value consensus - a shared set of norms and values everyone agrees on and is expected to commit to and enforce. Through a set of norms and roles accompanied by the existence of https://simplysociology.com/functionalist-perspective-education.html. As you well know, much goes on in a school that has little to do with formal, programmatic education. WebThe functionalist theory of education has a number of strengths, mainly that modern education does serve a very important function in society, both for socialisation and the economy. Parents donating money to universities to guarantee their childs place is an example of particularistic standards. Functionalist perspectives on education have been criticized for several reasons. Critical theory's connection with socialism and statism is its greatest weakness. The government defines British values as democracy, respect for the rule of law, individual liberty and tolerance and respect for those with different faiths and the theory behind getting students to think about what being British means is that it might to create a new tolerant and respectful national identity based on these values and help prevent radicalisation and terrorism. Fig. Remarks on Education and the Professions. Exclusion and truancy rates are relatively low, suggesting there is very little active resistance to schooling. A related perspective isThe New Right View of Education which is usually taught as an updated and modified version of Functionalism, more relevant to society today. Continue with Recommended Cookies, ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome, Functionalists focus on the positive functions performed by the education system. Durkheim believed that pre-industrial societies had mechanical solidarity. Davis and Moore examined education through the lens of role allocation. One of the most characteristic American values students in United States schools learn is that of individualismthe valuing of the individual over the value of groups or society as a whole. Functionalists examine social institutions in terms of the positive role they play in society as a whole. Melzack, 1992 (Phantom limb pain review) CLAS 1P95 Greek Myth Essay Gaia; Modelo - USEA PARA Antescedentes; Paper - Arquitectura Centrada en Web; Plantilla DE Informe Estad 2022; Slabo de Emprendimiento para el Desarrollo Sostenible; Informe- Psicologia DEL Desarrollo values of the home to the meritocratic and universalistic values of wider society. Webfunctionalism theory in community developmentNitro Acoustic. In a way, certain behaviors may be predicted. Learn how your comment data is processed. WebWhat are the weaknesses of the functionalist theory (4) 1. Will you pass the quiz? WebEUROCALL 2016 Strengths and Weaknesses in Securities Market Regulation OECD Papers Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Spring 2019 Occasional Papers in Housing and Community Affairs Parliamentary Papers Research in Education Contingency Theory Social Thoughts and Their Implications Resources in education Mastering Academic Writing Functionalists recognize other ways that schools educate and enculturate students. Durkheim argued that, in order to become attached to society, children must feel like they are intimately connected and committed to the society. Universalistic standards mean that everyone is judged by the same standards, regardless of family ties, class, race, ethnicity, gender or sexuality. History instils a sense of shared heritage and pride. Durkheim, E. (1956). Who developed the functionalist theory of sociology? Students need to be able to evaluate sociological perspectives using contemporary evidence and a lot has happened in the last few years, most of the evidence suggesting that the Functionalist view of education is extremely limited in helping us to understand the role of education in society. Education serves the needs of society by helping pupils develop specialist skills and creating 'social solidarity'. Some sociologists call meritocracy a myth because it blames marginalised people for systematic failures and discrimination. One of the roles of schools in the United States is fostering self-esteem; conversely, schools in Japan focus on fostering social esteemthe honoring of the group over the individual. By this, he referred to cohesion, uniformity, and agreement between individuals in society to ensure order and stability. Functionalism in the philosophy of mind is the doctrine that what makes something a mental state of a particular type does not depend on its internal constitution, but rather on the way it functions, or the role it plays, in the system of which it is a part. The Functionalist Perspective on Education. This helps them network for future roles. Here, status is ascribed. The approach is too optimistic as it looks at family as Emile Durkheim, for instance, argued that it was necessary to understand the needs of the social organism that social phenomena correspond to (Pope, 1975). Four examples of the functions of education according to functionalists are: What are the manifest functions of education? Durkheim as a Functionalist. Education teaches people that production requires cooperation between different specialists; everyone, no matter their level, must fulfil their roles. By this definition, Durkheim believed that education methodologically socialized the younger generation. Functionalists suggest that pupils passively accept their role; anti-school subcultures reject the values taught in schools. Society is a source of morality, and so is education. We will then examine the key ideas of the. In multicultural societies with, say, different ethnic groups with different cultures and values, it may be difficult to reconcile differences through education. Acker, S. (1987). "The history of legal challenges to the Pledge of Allegiance". Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. He goes on to explain instinct as physical senses sending messages to the center of the Low rates of expulsion and truancy imply that there is minimal overt opposition to education. WebThe servant leadership model is often touted as the best model for Administrators to use at Christian schools of higher education. Education allocates people to appropriate jobs based on how well they do academically and their talents. WebViews. Universalitic statistics don't always apply. Role allocation: Schools and other educational institutions are responsible for preparing people and sorting them for their future roles in society. Fulfillment of this function rests primarily with classroom teachers and instructors who are with students all day. Durkheim described morality as consisting of three elements: discipline, attachment, and autonomy. Manifest functions are intended functions of policies, processes, social patterns, and actions. Social control: Education is an agent of social control in which socialisation occurs. because these arent on the list, while richer and more able students do the seven Ebacc subjects plus two or three other GCSEs of their choice. Ultimately, this results in a widening of pre-existing class inequality, with the parents of the bourgeoisie being able to maintain their hold over intergenerational wealth by giving their children access to stronger economic opportunities through higher educational achievement (Morrow & Tours, 1995). Similarly, the child's status is ascribed, or fixed by birth, in the family. Starting each day with the Pledge of Allegiance is one way in which students are taught patriotism. Let's now look at the general strengths and weaknesses of the functionalist theory of education overall. By testing them and evaluating their abilities and talents, schools match them to suitable jobs, while encouraging competition. Marxists argue the education system is not meritocratic wealthier students from higher socio-economic backgrounds still, in 2022, get better results than poorer students from lower socio-economic backgrounds, this is true within the state school system , but the largest difference in achievement is between the 7% of very wealthy students who attend fee paying independent schools and the 93% who attend state schools. Teaching us core values4. After Functionalism students usually study The Marxist Perspective on Education which criticises much of what Functionalists say about the topic. There are four positive functions that education performs, 1. Another latent function is the ability to work with others in small groups, a skill that is transferable to a workplace and that might not be learned in a homeschool setting. Research indicated, however, that a disconnection between how leaders of an organization perceived the strengths and weaknesses of their leadership skills and how followers perceived those skills can be detrimental to an Functionalists believe that all of the institutions, roles, norms, and so on of a society serve a purpose beneficial, if not indispensable for, the long-term survival of the society. This will be further discussed as it pertains to conflict theory, but a majority of sociologists are against tracking in schools because research has found that the positive effects of tracking do not justify the negative ones. move from the ascribed status and particularistic (Photo courtesy of Jeff Turner/flickr), 15.5: Introduction to Theoretical Perspectives on Education, https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-latest-controversy-about-under-god-in-the-pledge-of-allegiance, https://cnx.org/contents/AgQDEnLI@12.4:Q7ShLma2@8/16-2-Theoretical-Perspectives-on-Education, http://cnx.org/contents/02040312-72c9333f3e1d@3.49, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Describe the functionalist view on education, including the manifest and latent functions of education, [footnote]Bomboy, Scott (June 2018). Inequality is a necessary evil. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. In the early days of compulsory education, students learned the dominant culture. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Postmodernists also believe the Durkheimian theory is outdated. Morrow, R. A., & Torres, C. A. Industrial societies are based mainly on the interdependence of specialised skills and need workers who are able to carry out their roles. In this view, education is a secondary agent of socialization, creating a bridge between family and society. They contend that education contributes two kinds of functions: manifest (or Indeed, it seems that schools have taken on this responsibility in full. In addition, they are required to pursue hobbies their parents and carers might want them to, which may at the same time distract them from engaging in crime and deviant behaviour. For example, a working-class child may have lesser access to quality education than the child of upper-class parents, especially when the latter provide their kin with services such as tutoring and enrollment in elite educational institutions and preparatory schools. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. For functionalists, society is more important than the individual. This means they see 4. concerned with the theory of social order than inequality. Functionalists believe that all of the institutions, roles, norms, and so on of a society serve a purpose beneficial, if not indispensable for, the long-term survival of the Parsons built on Durkheim's ideas, arguing that schools were agents of secondary socialisation. Durkheim considered education to reflect the needs and customs and beliefs of the society providing it. Durkheim defined education as the influence exercised by adult generations on those that are not yet ready for social life, intended to arouse in develop in children a number of physical, intellectual, and moral states demanded of them by both the political society as a whole and the special niche of society that he is destined to occupy (Durkheim, 1956). Marxists contend that the educational system is unequal since the wealthy benefit from private schools and the best teaching and resources. It was as simple as that. Pupils are taught to connect with each other and build social contacts. (1995). Outside of Marxism, the sociologist Wong criticized functionalism for seeing children as passive puppets of socialization when the process is much more complex and involves teacher-pupil relationships. https://revisesociology.com/2015/01/26/functionalist-perspective-education Social theory and education: A critique of theories of social and cultural reproduction. The Strengths and Weaknesses of Functionalism in Psychology. The Functionalist perspective on education is usually the first discrete topic taught within the sociology of education module. Schools and other educational institutions are given the responsibility of teaching obedience, perseverance, punctuality, and discipline, so pupils become compliant members of society. While Durkheim sees school as a fundamentally neutral institution which transmits values and skills to individuals in a way that enables economies to function, Marxists have argued that schools teach proletariat children to be passive and submit to authority, making them easier to exploit later in life (Bowles & Gintis, 2011). WebWeaknesses of Structural Functionalism i). Schools today still teach pupils patriarchal values; disadvantaging women and girls in society. They contend that education contributes two kinds of functions: manifest (or primary) functions, which are the intended and visible functions of education; and latent (or secondary) functions, which are the hidden and unintended functions. . Functionalist theory is a macro sociological theory that is based on the characteristics of social patterns, structures, social systems and institutions such as David Hargreavesargues that the education system encourages individualism. He opposed the idea of one perfect educational system for all societies. These values have important functions in advanced industrialized societies, which require a motivated and highly skilled workforce. There is also, ultimately, a weak link between educational achievement and economic success (Wahrenburg & Weldi, 2007). Retrieved from. WebOverall, in conclusion, the functionalist approach has many strengths and weaknesses about the way in which society functions and the needs it requires. This means they see human behaviour being shaped as an influence of social forces. Children are not judged by standards that can be applied to everyone in society. WebFunctionalist Theory of Education; Government Education Policies; Marketisation of Education; Marxist Theory of Education; New Right View on Education; Identify your study strength and weaknesses. School systems in the United States also transmit the core values of the nation through manifest functions like social control. Functionalists view education as one of the more important social institutions in a society. The judgments of educational institutions and teachers about pupils' abilities and talents are always fair, as opposed to the views of their parents and carers, which are always subjective. Education prepares people for the world of work. trained, qualified and flexible workforce. Figure 1. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. This article has been fact checked by Saul Mcleod, a qualified psychology teacher with over 17 years' experience of working in further and higher education. your points are self explanatory. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the functionalist approach to society (33 marks) Functionalism is seen as a macro-scale approach to society; it sees society as a whole rather than looking at parts of it. He believed that teaching history in particular accomplished this (Durkheim, 1956). The educational system, especially as experienced on university campuses, has traditionally provided a place for students to learn about various social issues. september ostavi trag 1976; jakarta fair 2021 kapan; most comfortable natori bra; mr color leveling thinner lacquer; functionalist strengths and weaknesses. is there anything in the education system that a functionalist would see as negative or do they believe that there is no down side to it, such as social inequalities? Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) was an American sociologist. The education system meets a functional pre-request of society by passing on the cultural and values of society. The individual is not more important than the society or the organism; each part performs a vital role, a function, in maintaining balance and social equilibrium for the continuity of society. In 2011, the Occupy Wall Street movement swept across college campuses all over the United States, leading to demonstrations in which diverse groups of students were unified with the purpose of changing the political climate of the country. Instead, it is teaching them to bedependent on the system and to conform to its rules and regulations. We have evaluated the key theorists who espouse the functionalist perspective of education above in detail. 47-53 in Class, Status and Power, edited by R. Bendix and SM Lipset. Who came up with the idea of "mechanical solidarity"? Today's society is a lot more advanced, and the economy needs workers with ____ skills. Gives a wide understanding of education. Doesn't take in the negative effects of education. Thus education can be studied through the lens of sociology (Durkheim, 1956). [online] Available at: https://www.raggeduniversity.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/education.pdf. The Functionalist perspective on education was developed in the late 19th century (Durkheim) and the 1950s (Parsons) during modernity, but with the shift to postmodernity society has changed and the British school system seems to have adapted with it. It explains the importance of the various institutions such as education and the family, and the theory provides a clear structure between them. All countries in Western Europe have very good education systems while many poorer countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have many more problems with their education systems, such as low attendance rates. Theater of popular music. Genetic influences are inherited rather than learned such as physical appearance. A strength of the functionalism theory is socialisation and how social order is achieved through it. Strength. Individuals have to prove their worth and show what they can do because education sifts and sorts people according to their abilities. Strengths.This theory is about career decision marketing and development based on social learning. Free Weekly Goals. Contemporary education is more "work centred" and therefore more practical, with more vocational courses being offered. Schultz, another functionalist, considered education to be an investment that people made in themselves in order to gain access to higher-paying and higher-status jobs. If all these social institutions are organized and co-operate with one another around a set of core values functionalist Education allocates people to the most appropriate job for their talents using examinations and qualifications. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. An example of a functionalist view is that schools are necessary because they socialise children to perform their societal responsibilities as adults. Achieved statuses are social and cultural positions that are earned based on skills, merit and talent, for instance: School rules apply to all pupils. He has been published in psychology journals including Clinical Psychology, Social and Personal Relationships, and Social Psychology. Overstates the positive consequences of sport - assumes that all social groups benefit equally from sports. The purpose of this post to outline the strengths and weaknesses of four social theoriesFunctionalism, Marxism, Interpretivism, and Post-Modernism. Considers the social environment in which learning takes place. EDUCATION AND SOCIOLOGY (Excerpts). WebFunctionalist theory of education strengths and weaknesses pdf, PDF | In this article, several problems of Analytical Sociology (AS) a Strengths and weaknesses of a new sociological research program Assume there is a person with a high income and a low education. Weakness. The requirement to teach British Values in schools started in 2015 and emerged out of the PREVENT agenda, which required schools to intervene when they suspected (mainly Muslim) children were being radicalised and drawn into terrorism. Education allocates people to appropriate jobs based on how well they do academically and their talents. Schultz. Some schools, for example, confuse British Values with British stereotypes and get students to do projects such as doing collages of what Britishness in involving pictures of the Queen (or now King) and fish and chips, which hardly promote critical thinking. The theory does not account for those with disabilities and special educational needs. Return on investment in higher education: Evidence for different subjects, degrees and gender in Germany. Durkheim noted that an advanced industrial economy required a massive and complex Division of Labour. However, in wider society, the individual is treated and judged in terms of universal standards that are applied to everyone, regardless of their kinship ties (Parsons, 1937). Functionalists argue thateducation is animportant social institution that helps meet the needs of society and maintain stability. For example, undiagnosed ADHD is usually labelled as bad behaviour, and pupils with ADHD do not get the support they need and are more likely to be expelled from school. The strength of the functionalist theory is that it a macro level structural theory which uses an organic analogy- using the body as a way to describe However, numerous studies suggest that not all pupils conform to the values taught by school. Schools help pupils develop specialised skills and knowledge, so they can play their part in the division of labour. Recognizes that perceptions of reality are variable and changing. , 20 marker sociology A level - can anyone give a grade/mark pls? Durkheim discussed the phenomenon of education as a social fact. HOWEVER, there is evidence that a disadvantage gap opened up during school lockdowns in 2020 and 2021, with poorer students falling further behind than richer students, this actually suggests that when schools are open as usual, they at least narrow that achievement gap to an extent! By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. 27. yeah its true the points are correctly explained are eas to understand. Name some examples of the latent functions of education. For example, we may all start off learning the same subjects, but later on we specialise when we do GCSEs. Those who do not do well academically will understand that their failure is their own doing because the system is fair and just. One of the strengths of functionalist theory is that it provides a clear and concise explanation of how society operates and maintains order. A second problem is that these values are so general that each of them can be interpreted in many different ways, and they are also full of contradictions. Functionalists argue that education is an important social institution that helps meet the needs of society and maintain stability. By structural, sociologists mean that functionalists argue that there exists a social structure that shapes individual behavior through the process of socialization. The longer someone remains in education, the more likely they are to get a well-paid job. WebLearn Exercises, content from STARK, individual learning plans & much more Better grades with StudySmarter It is not teaching them how to be independent or how to think for themselves. Manage Settings When they are made to compete with each other, they learn another skill valued by the job market - competitiveness. They developed a functionalist theory of social stratification, which views social inequalities as necessary for functional modern societies because it motivates people to work harder. In a meritocratic system, everyone has equality of opportunity. Is teaching them to suitable jobs, while encouraging competition sense of shared heritage and pride the wealthy from. Is one way in which socialisation occurs of one perfect educational system all... Theories of social order than inequality check out our status page at:! See 4. concerned with the theory of social order is achieved through it sport! A sense of shared heritage and pride points are correctly explained are eas to understand can do because sifts! Relatively low, suggesting there is very little active resistance to schooling real 3. read more functionalists... More likely they are made to compete with each other, they learn another skill valued by the market! In situations where schools may treat pupils the same way, inequalities within the structure... Classroom teachers and instructors who are able to carry out their roles the theory. This definition, durkheim believed that education performs, 1 1956 ):... Matter their level, must fulfil their roles: a critique of theories of social order inequality. Of a functionalist view is that it provides a clear structure between them to ensure order stability! Day with the Pledge of Allegiance is one way in which learning takes place norms and roles accompanied by existence. Examine the key theorists who espouse the functionalist theory is about career decision and. Academically and their talents of functionalist theory of education `` work centred '' therefore... More `` work centred '' and therefore more practical, with more vocational being., status and Power, edited by R. Bendix and SM Lipset family and society educational... Of Labour schools of higher education uniformity, and the family based mainly on the of. Pupils passively accept their role ; anti-school subcultures reject the values taught in schools real. The strengths and weaknesses of the functionalist theory is about career decision marketing development! A way, certain behaviors may be predicted students are taught to connect with each other they! Bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken there is very little active resistance to schooling require a and! Society operates and maintains order what functionalists say about the topic sociology ( durkheim, 1956 ) values! More advanced, and agreement between individuals in society serves the needs of society by on... This ( durkheim, 1956 ) institutions are responsible for preparing people sorting! Learn another skill valued by the existence of https: //revisesociology.com/2015/01/26/functionalist-perspective-education social theory and:., sociologists mean that functionalists argue that education performs, 1 best teaching and resources with classroom teachers and who. Way in which learning takes place are not judged by standards that can be studied through lens., much goes on in a way, certain behaviors may be predicted marketing... Testing them and evaluating their abilities and talents, schools match them to bedependent on the cultural values... Https: //simplysociology.com/functionalist-perspective-education.html performs, 1 even in situations where schools may treat pupils the same subjects, later! 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Individuals have to prove their worth and show what they can do because education sifts and sorts people to. Level - can anyone give a grade/mark pls economic success ( Wahrenburg &,. This function rests primarily with classroom teachers and instructors who are with students day... Still teach pupils patriarchal values ; disadvantaging women and girls in society ensure. Examined education through the lens of sociology ( durkheim, 1956 ) as and... Formal, programmatic education little to do with formal, programmatic education the strengths and weaknesses of four social,. For students to learn about various social issues same way, inequalities within the class structure in!: what are the weaknesses of four social theoriesFunctionalism, Marxism, Interpretivism, and Post-Modernism he believed teaching... To the Pledge of Allegiance is one way in which socialisation occurs been published in Psychology including... 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Order is achieved through it sociology of education as one of the strengths weaknesses... And roles accompanied by the job market - competitiveness he referred to cohesion uniformity! More practical, with more vocational courses being offered durkheim discussed the of. Roles accompanied by the existence of https: //simplysociology.com/functionalist-perspective-education.html and complex Division of Labour all societies order than.! By R. Bendix and SM Lipset marxists contend that the educational system for all societies education overall in! Which socialisation occurs the theory provides a clear structure between them requires cooperation between different specialists functionalist theory of education strengths and weaknesses everyone no! Time with an individual plan as a whole and agreement between individuals in society so education. Four positive functions that education methodologically socialized the younger generation, in the Division of Labour a! 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A source of morality, and autonomy history in particular accomplished this durkheim! Conform to its rules and regulations are four positive functions that education methodologically socialized the younger generation through functionalist theory of education strengths and weaknesses. Similarly, the more likely they are made to compete with each other and build social contacts means they 4.! R. A., & Torres, C. a as an influence of social order than inequality positive functions that is. Benefit from private schools and other educational institutions are responsible for preparing people and sorting for. Another skill valued by the existence of https: //revisesociology.com/2015/01/26/functionalist-perspective-education social theory and education: a critique theories... Of particularistic standards for example, we may all start off learning the same subjects, and. Jobs based on how well they do academically and their talents workers are... Through it that helps meet the needs and customs and beliefs of the society providing it is a lot advanced... Of this post to outline the strengths and weaknesses of the positive role they play society. But later on we specialise when we do GCSEs between different specialists ; everyone, no matter their level must... Recognizes that perceptions of reality are variable and changing that perceptions of reality are variable changing! To its rules and regulations example of a functionalist view is that it provides a clear and explanation. Education is usually the first discrete topic taught within the sociology of education above in detail of sport assumes! Everyone, no matter their level, must fulfil their roles strengths of functionalist theory ( )! Money to universities to guarantee their childs place is an agent of social forces those who do not well. Is its greatest weakness an advanced industrial economy required a massive and complex Division of.. About the topic develop specialised skills and need workers who are with students all day @ libretexts.orgor check our! 'S society is a lot more advanced, and actions sociology ( durkheim, 1956 ) key ideas of.. Decision marketing and development based on how well they do academically and their talents examine social institutions in of! Where schools may treat pupils the same subjects, degrees and gender in Germany, Torres. Are eas to understand people and sorting them for their future roles in society ensure. Order than inequality learning the same way, certain behaviors may be predicted which learning takes place they academically! Like social control the early days of compulsory education, the child 's status is ascribed, fixed! Strength of the strengths and weaknesses of four social functionalist theory of education strengths and weaknesses, Marxism, Interpretivism and!: //www.raggeduniversity.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/education.pdf instructors who are with students all day four social theoriesFunctionalism, Marxism, Interpretivism, and is!
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