The Supreme Court has held that this clause prevents states from reopening cases which have been conclusively decided by the courts of another state. Article II of the Texas Constitution consists of only a single section, with fewer than 100 words. The Constitution does not explain what exactly constitutes a republican form of government. Some examples of how the government was restricted were: The structure of the current constitution of Texas (Constitution of 1876) is a Preamble, 17 Articles, and 491 Amendments (Since 2015)3. This clause, commonly known as the "Property Clause" or "Territorial Clause", grants Congress the constitutional authority for the management and control of all territories or other property owned by the United States. The Property Clause grants Congress the power to make laws for the territories and other federal lands. No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. 12. 11. The Legislature may establish such other courts as it may deem necessary and prescribe the jurisdiction and organization thereof, and may conform the jurisdiction of the district and other inferior courts thereto. [20] In Pacific States, a utility company challenged an Oregon tax law passed by a referendum, as opposed to the ordinary legislative process. In addition, the constitutional provisions found on this website comply with the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act (UELMA) and are current through the amendments approved by voters in May 2022. The judicial power of this State shall be vested in one Supreme Court, in one Court of Criminal Appeals, in Courts of Appeals, in District Courts, in County Courts, in Commissioners Courts, in Courts of Justices of the Peace, and in such other courts as may be provided by law. (Feb. 15, 1876. 5: See Appendix, Note 1. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state. Sec. (Added Nov. 6, 1962; amended Nov. 8, 1966, and Nov. 7, 1989.). Sec. Any Justice or Judge of the courts established by this Constitution or created by the Legislature as provided in Section 1, Article V, of this Constitution, may, subject to the other provisions hereof, be removed from office for willful or persistent violation of rules promulgated by the Supreme Court of Texas, incompetence in performing the duties of the office, willful violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct, or willful or persistent conduct that is clearly inconsistent with the proper performance of his duties or casts public discredit upon the judiciary or administration of justice. The rights found in the Texas Bill of Rights: contain some ideas that move beyond those guaranteed by the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution. 14 repealed Nov. 5, 1985; current Sec. [21], The doctrine was later limited in Baker v. Carr (1962), which held that the lack of state legislative redistricting to be justiciable.[21]. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. -any person deemed mentally incompetent by the courts. Sec. The Governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. Yet, the principle it establishes, that the powers of government . If the vote is favorable, then admission may be granted to such county or counties by the Board of Directors of the then existing Authority upon such terms and conditions as they may agree upon and evidenced by a resolution approved by two-thirds (2/3rds) of the then existing Board of Directors. CREATION AND FUNDING OF HOSPITAL DISTRICTS IN CITY OF AMARILLO, WICHITA COUNTY, AND JEFFERSON COUNTY. JUDGES TO BE CONSERVATORS OF THE PEACE; INDICTMENTS AND INFORMATION. Each county in the State with a population of 18,000 or more but less than 50,000, according to the most recent federal census, from time to time, for the convenience of the people, shall be divided into not less than two and not more than eight precincts. Justice of the peace courts shall have original jurisdiction in criminal matters of misdemeanor cases punishable by fine only, exclusive jurisdiction in civil matters where the amount in controversy is two hundred dollars or less, and such other jurisdiction as may be provided by law. (b) The Legislature may by law permit the County of Potter (in which the City of Amarillo is partially located) to render financial aid to that district by paying a part of the expenses of operating and maintaining the system and paying a part of the debts of the district (whether assumed or created by the district) and may authorize the levy of a tax not to exceed Ten Cents (10) per One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) valuation (in addition to other taxes permitted by this Constitution) upon all property within the county but without the City of Amarillo at the time such levy is made for such purposes. Texas voters later decide whether to adopt the proposed amendments. protection by the Government; the enjoyment of life and liberty the right of a citizen of one State to pass through, or to reside in any other State, for purposes of trade, agriculture, professional pursuits, or otherwise; to claim the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus; to institute and maintain actions of any kind in the courts of the State; to take, hold and dispose of property, either real or personal; and an exemption from higher taxes or impositions than are paid by the other citizens of the State. Additionally, as it required the ratification of only nine states in order to become established, rather than the unanimous consent required by the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution was more republican, as it protected the majority from effectively being ruled or held captive by the minority. 3-c. Neither of these theories has been endorsed by the Supreme Court, which has held that the clause means that a state may not discriminate against citizens of other states in favor of its own citizens. (2000). Sec. The Justices shall have the qualifications prescribed for Justices of the Supreme Court. Sec. Clause Two requires that fugitives from justice may be extradited on the demand of executive authority of the state from which they fled. (Feb. 15, 1876. ", List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, Pacific States Telephone and Telegraph Co. v. Oregon, List of states and territories of the United States, "Common Interpretation: The Admissions Clause", "Essays on Article IV: New States Clause", "Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data", "Essays on Article VII: Ratification Clause". State of Texas | Statewide Search | Report Fraud in Texas | Texas Statutes, Site Map | Library Policies | Accessibility | Employment Opportunities, 205 West 14th Street, Austin, Texas 78701-1614. Thus the Congress, utilizing the discretion allowed by the framers, adopted a policy of equal status for all newly admitted states. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, []. OFFICERS CONSTITUTING EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. By the 1840s, only 40% of the state's free white males were enfranchised. 18: See Appendix, Note 3.). Article IV Section 1, creates several offices in the officers of the Executive Department (except Secretary of State) Each county in the State may provide, in such manner as may be prescribed by law, a Manual Labor Poor House and Farm, for taking care of, managing, employing and supplying the wants of its indigent and poor inhabitants. COURT ADMINISTRATION AND RULE-MAKING AUTHORITY. 16. Texas Constitution The state constitution establishes the structure and purpose of the Texas government. (a) The Legislature may by law authorize the creation of a Hospital District to be co-extensive with the limits of County Commissioners Precinct No. Should the Legislature enact legislation in anticipation of the adoption of this amendment, such legislation shall not be invalid by reason of its anticipatory character. Sec. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. The County Court has jurisdiction as provided by law. Sec. COUNTY-WIDE HOSPITAL DISTRICTS IN CERTAIN LARGE COUNTIES. Article IV of the U.S. Constitution is a relatively uncontroversial section that establishes the relationship between states and their disparate laws. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. What were the goals of the authors of the present Texas Constitution? Its appellate jurisdiction shall be final and shall extend to all cases except in criminal law matters and as otherwise provided in this Constitution or by law. They seized the opportunity to undo the hated 1869 acts. CREATION, OPERATION, AND DISSOLUTION OF HOSPITAL DISTRICTS. The practice and procedures relating to the use of indictments and informations, including their contents, amendment, sufficiency, and requisites, are as provided by law. (g) Any such Authority when created may be granted the power and authority to promulgate, adopt and enforce appropriate zoning regulations to protect the airport from hazards and obstructions which would interfere with the use of the airport and its facilities for landing and take-off. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 7, 1978, Nov. 4, 1980, and Nov. 5, 1985.). 3a: See Appendix, Note 3.). The Executive Department of the State shall consist of a Governor, who shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the State, a Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Comptroller of Public Accounts, Commissioner of the General Land Office, and Attorney General. 3: See Appendix, Note 3. Article IV addresses something different: the states' relations with each other, sometimes called "horizontal federalism." Its first section, the Full Faith and Credit Clause, requires every state, as part of a single nation, to give a certain measure of respect to every other state's laws and institutions. (b) The Supreme Court shall promulgate rules of civil procedure for all courts not inconsistent with the laws of the state as may be necessary for the efficient and uniform administration of justice in the various courts. What happens to the standard deviation of return for a portfolio if we increase And it was final. 7. 14, Art. GRAND AND PETIT JURIES IN DISTRICT COURTS: COMPOSITION AND VERDICT. COUNTY COURT: TERMS, PROSECUTIONS, AND JURIES. (h) Any judicial reapportionment order adopted by the board must be approved by a record vote of the majority of the membership of both the senate and house of representatives before such order can become effective and binding. Attempts to write a new constitution for Texas: have little prospect for success in the next few years. Established the Permanent School Fund, Places limits on the raising and spending of public funds, Authorizes the Texas Legislature to create county governments, Specifics regarding local governments, including empowering them to tax, and how to charter cities, Specifics regarding public businesses, including how they would be regulated, Article 13: Spanish and Mexican Land Titles, Specifics on which land with previous claims would become state property, Established the Land Office which regulated land titles, Specifics on how to remove a public official from office, Miscellaneous regulations, ie., forbidding the legislature from printing money, forbidding U.S. public officials from holding a state office, Article 17: Mode of Amending the Constitution of this State. In other words, there is no one government official who is solely responsible for the Texas Executive Branch. Sec. 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