Here believing in the evil eye was in focus. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. Somaq: It is a Persian spice that represents sunlight. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. Angela Sanchez. According to Majlesi (Citation1982) (a very important religious figure in Iran) (p. 209), the reward (savab) of pilgrimage of Imam Rezas tomb in Mashhad (Iran) is equal to one thousand hajes- pilgrim to Macca. Our . whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. 6. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. . Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. Indeed, subjects that Australians often avoid (politics and religion) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran. I believe everybody has sinned somehow. A critical literature review, Public mental health promotion, meaning-making and existential meaning: Challenges for person-centered care of refugees in a secular, pluralistic context, Religious involvement and subjective well-being, Religion and health among black and white adults: Examining social support and consolation, Why me? Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. We define spirituality a search for connectedness with a sacred source that is related or not related to God or any religious holy sources (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 7273). It is important for non-Muslims to understand that many Iranians generally recognise the government as the source of their complaint, not Islam. Therefore, it is very important to distinguish the political culture and values of the government from the culture and values of the Iranian people. It is a common belief that these actions are good actions that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them. The results were part of a larger study in which the purpose was to understand nurses' experiences of delivery of care for Iraqi patients. In recent years, there has been reasonably little disagreement between ethnicities in Iran which is significant considering the diversity. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. In public, people behave in the way that will benefit them (i.e. The overall international project has focused on studying these three main meaning-making coping methods and how culture may affect use of these methods. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. In an effort to study from a sociological perspective more closely the role of culture in cancer patients meaning-making coping methods, an international project has been conducted in 10 countries (Sweden, South Korea, China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Brazil, Turkey and Iran). The study was based on qualitative research. Dating practices vary significantly between regions, and are impacted by attitudes and education. Why Are So Many Young Men Single And Sexless? Religion may not be the only available resource in a persons orientation system, and it may be easier to access other resources. By establishing a relationship with another entity than her-/himself, the patient tries to gain comfort and control. Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. The way this is done will depend on the individual Such habitual practices are not straightforwardly religious, but emerge from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural beliefs. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. They are beliefs, ideas, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. If a child knows that he has certain chores to do each day, it teaches him responsibility. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. One interviewee, a 53-year-old woman, explained: I thought maybe I had committed sins and that this was Gods way of punishing me. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Religion, culture and illness: a sociological study on religious coping in Iran, Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gvle, Gvle, Sweden, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Counseling Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Khoy Medical Sciences Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Khoy, Iran, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge, Gvle, Sweden, Initial development of the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation, A contrastive study of Arabic and Persian formulas against the evil eye used by women, Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. Debase, Look! Rather, the distinctive Persian identity engenders a strong sense of pride and belonging among its people. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. My destiny and life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me. Family beliefs define what you think is essential and what is good. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. This is called Shafaah. The holy places may also function as reminders of God; Islamic/Quranic teachings argue that remembrance of Allah leads to peace and satisfaction: Those who believe and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allh. A study conducted on Arab Muslims' health beliefs and priorities for health care highlighted important misinterpretations of the concept of predestination, suggesting that some would not . (35-year-old female). Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. I told the nurse to bring me a Quran. After the coding process was complete, we established the fundamental characteristics of the methods the informants employed to cope with their cancer disease. Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. When healthcare professionals encounter a more acculturated Hmong family in the U.S., they will likely see more balance of power between mother and father. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). Largely, ones family is the biggest social indicator of status. Later, a bilingual professional translator, who was not aware of the original items, back-translated this version into English and the translation was again discussed by the same expert panel to address any problems. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c All these things calm me down and give me strength. The Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE were used to categorise these methods. However, in 1979, the Islamic Revolution overthrew the secular monarchy and the Islamic Republic was subsequently established. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. We recognise that personal beliefs and cultural practices are central to the lives of doctors and patients, and that all doctors have personal values that affect their day-to-day practice. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. The present article is confined to the results obtained in our study in Iran and restricted to religious coping methods. Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. Iranian Clothing - What to wear while traveling to Iran? Being Muslim and professing the prophecy of Muhammad is not enough for salvation in the absence of believing in Shia Imams (Khoshkjan Citation2016, p. 3). A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. Before carrying out the research, the University of Tehrans Ethics Committee reviewed the project to ensure that it complied with the Research Code of Conduct and Ethics. They help teach kids the difference between right and wrong. The researcher visited or phoned potential patients, survivors, and those who were kept in hospice to invite them to voluntarily participate in the project, and to make an appointment for an interview at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization. In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M We can explain this point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in its Christian sense in Islam. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. While the nuclear family is modestly sized, close relationships with the extended family mean peoples family networks are sometimes quite large. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. We all have cultural values. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Role of Father: In traditional families, the father is the head of the household. The health beliefs of individuals have a . The present article is based on an international study on meaning-making coping aimed at understanding the role of culture in coping. Religious actions are integrated parts of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, including Iran. Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia. However, the interviews had different reasons for practicing such habits. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. between religion, personal values or beliefs, and a professional clinical judgement. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of Iranian women and 20.8 percent of Iranian men have mental-health difficulties. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Full-text available. This work was supported by Hgskolan i Gvle: [Grant Number 7350]. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. Therefore, if Iranians go out with their girlfriend or boyfriend in public, they run the risk of being berated, reported on or even detained. Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. Three experts performed the peer examination. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. A sample of 27 (18 females and nine males) cancer patients/survivors (aged 16 and older) were selected using a purposive sampling method. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. Your family culture influences things like your moral compass, beliefs, values, and traditions. Patients then use the data forwarded to families and family members to come to a solid understanding of their health status. DEFINITION AND BACKGROUND. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. In Iran, people generally feel able to relax their moral codes of behaviour and reveal the private side of their life when surrounded by people from their inner circle. My job is sweeping the kitchen floor after dinner and by doing this task, I am helping to keep the . Iranian culture is patriarchal, legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females. Depends on the family, the guests' number changes between 150 to even 2000 people. It should not be assumed that all Iranians share the same language, cultural, religious or political beliefs. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. 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