The Special Frontier Force had its origins in the disaster of the 1962 war with China and in fact shares its birthday with the prime minister at that time, Jawaharlal Nehru. There are only 85,000 Tibetans in India. At Special Frontier Force, I host 'The Living Tibetan Spirits' to promote Tibet Awareness. A large number of them received bravery awards. The current SFF force levels are around 10,000 men. The SFF has a separate control because it also has Tibetan refugees and involves another country. “They are trained extensively in various aspects of mountain warfare and are mostly deployed as part of India’s defence against China, but details of most of their operations are classified,” the source said. The exact strength of the force right now could not be determined. Another SFF soldier was injured. In 1971, the SFF operated in the Chittagong hill tracts to neutralise Pakistan Army positions and help the Indian Army advance. They also prevented Pakistani troops from escaping into Myanmar, according to a piece on the website of the Delhi-based think-tank Observer Research Foundation (ORF). The SFF also has a substantial percentage of Tibetan refugees who want to serve voluntarily and are gainfully employed in the terrain that they are suited for,” he said. They were tasked with attacking enemy positions to aid the Indian Army’s operations. SFF was raised in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 Sino-India war. However, when they operate, they all work in synergy with each other.”, Also Read: India is being responsible but don’t doubt our ability to defend, Rajnath tells China. India needs free, fair, non-hyphenated and questioning journalism even more as it faces multiple crises. SFF units, also known as Vikas battalions, come under the direct purview of the Cabinet Secretariat, and is operationally involved with the Army. In that war, SFF battalions were deployed next to the Chittagong Hill Tracts — a hilly area as the name suggests — that lie to the southeast of East Pakistan. in the Indian and Tibetan flags, brought focus on an extremely secretive security force comprising trained mountain warriors. This article is about the Indian unit known as the Special Frontier Force (SFF), also known as Establishment 22 or Two-Two, and occasionally as the “Phantoms of Chittagong”. IF SFF is supposed to be what it is, wonder how wise it is to write the details about it in the press, unless it is a deliberate effort at putting out the information . While there have been reports about SFF being involved in the August 29-31 operation to occupy previously unoccupied heights in Chushul sector in eastern Ladakh, the Army has so far maintained an official silence, and sources have said Tenzin was on a patrol when he stepped on a landmine dating back to the 1962 war, and was killed. 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In 1962, the Kennedy administration worked with India f… of its existence reportedly came after SFF personnel participated in an abortive operation with the CIA in 1965 to place a nuclear-powered device on Mount Nanda Devi to monitor China’s nuclear weapons tests. In the operation, which was codenamed ‘Eagle’, they infiltrated into Bangladesh for guerrilla campaigns to attack enemy soldiers, military infrastructure, communication lines, logistics and weapons supplies. Special Frontier Force: Formed after 1962 war with China, secretive outfit was trained by IB, CIA and R&AW It is important to note that the SFF is not part of the Indian Army but rather falls under under the Directorate General of Security (DGS), a covert … It is probably made up mostly of recruits from Nepal. “There is a reason and aim for this… To fight for the country,” he said. But you, being you ” The Print”. Sustaining journalism of this quality needs smart and thinking people like you to pay for it. He wrote that India could commission the SFF troops because it was “was purely their creature” and “the US had no voice in the command of the SFF or how its troops were used… The Tibetan leadership at Dharamsala also had a passive role”. They were airdropped behind enemy lines to destroy lines of communication. “They also have knowledge of ground and customs and language. Mullick and the US intelligence agency CIA. Social media is abuzz about the Special Frontier Force (SFF) unit which outsmarted the PLA and managed to take control of strategic height in the eastern Ladakh. was the brainchild of former Intelligence Bureau director B.N. Speaking to ThePrint on the condition of anonymity, a source in the security establishment said both men and women soldiers in the SFF are “highly motivated and trained special forces personnel”. तेनजीघ नीमा के वलीदान के बाद हर ऐरे गेरे मीडिया के लिए अपनी-अपनी टीआरपी के लिए कहीं की ईंट कहीं का रोडा भानुमती का कुनबा जोड़ा की तर्ज पर फैशन आर्टिकल पेश हो रहे हैं।, कभी कोई उनके दुःख दर्द से आज तक नहीं जुड़े, उनकी पहचान कोई खास कारण हो सकता हैं। पर उनके पे, पेंशन औरं अन्य को एटपार सेना और अर्धसैनिक बल जेसे क्यों नहीं? Lt Gen. Satish Dua (Retd), former head of the Integrated Defence Staff, said the Indian Army follows a concept of deploying scouts regiments comprising local residents for mountainous and border areas. Teshi Tanzin, the latter’s father, later told. * The moderation of comments is automated and not cleared manually by, Copyright © 2020 The Indian Express [P] Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Click here to join our channel (@indianexpress) and stay updated with the latest headlines. The Spirits of Special Frontier Force, Ann Arbor, Michigan. SSF units have their own rank structures, of equivalent status with Army ranks. Special Frontier Force. Teshi Tanzin, the latter’s father, later told India Today that the majority of Tibetan youngsters strive to join the defence forces. We have Arunachal scouts, Dogra scouts, among others. It was formed in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 war with China, which resulted in a defeat for India. How was Rahane's captaincy different from Virat Kohli's? The SFF was raised by the Intelligence Bureau in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 China-India war. The Special Frontier Force is believed to have played a big role in recent operations at the India-China border. A Special Frontier Force or the SFF which is also known as the Vikas battalion is one of the most ‘mysterious’ armed units of India. The SFF has played an important role in multiple military operations — from the 1971 India-Pakistan war to the 1999 Kargil battle — but has largely functioned under the shadows. There have been brutal layoffs and pay-cuts. What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? Made for China - India's Special Frontier Force (Marine Reacts) - YouTube Marine Reacts to the Special Frontier Force (SFF). Ltd. All rights reserved. For all the latest Explained News, download Indian Express App. ThePrint has the finest young reporters, columnists and editors working for it. Strictly speaking, the SFF units are not part of the Army but function under its operational control. So if it’s a secret unit and giving results, you could have kept your mouth shut. New Delhi: News from the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladakh this week included reports of a Tibetan trooper’s death in a blast at Pangong Tso, one of the sites of tensions between India and China. The covert outfit recruited Tibetan exiles (now it has a mixture of Tibetans and Gorkhas) and was initially named Establishment 22 (Major Gen Sujan Singh Uban, an Artillery officer who raised the group, named it after the 22 Mountain Regiment he commanded). As an Indian son of the soil, can I ask our media vultures now busily salivating over the Rhea Chakravorty /Sushant Rajput spoor, to lay off the Establishment 22? All about Special Frontier Force, the secretive Indian unit in news after Ladakh clash SFF, primarily drawn from Tibetan refugees, was formed in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 war with China. This is serious stuff , and should NOT contribute to “open source” intelligence to the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army. Tenzin says he’s proud that his son was wounded in battlefield pic.twitter.com/BQ7A2GUPNk, — Abhishek Bhalla (@AbhishekBhalla7) September 5, 2020, Also Read: Indian troops are using ‘new rules of engagement’ along LAC to counter Chinese aggression, Subscribe to our channels on YouTube & Telegram, Why news media is in crisis & How you can fix it. This is why the spotlight on the SFF in the recent Ladakh operation is unprecedented. “There is some debate over whether this secretive force has preserved its elite status as well as its original mandate.”(Rehman, 2017, p.118). Very disgusting to reveal secrets intelligence input to rival country just to get media Publicity.it is called breach of security. The units comprising the SFF are known as Vikas battalions. The Thakung and Kala Top peaks on the southern bank of Pagong Lake were captured by the Special Frontier Force of the Indian Army. Its not easy to breathe let alone fight in such high altitude low oxygen environments. What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? Some would even say it is part of deliberate signalling by India to China. On the ground, it is headed by an Inspector General who is an Army officer of the rank of Major General. Quality journalism, My foot!!! The best of journalism is shrinking, yielding to crude prime-time spectacle. However, they are special forces personnel highly trained for a variety of tasks. It has been a part of many important ops, from 1971 war to Kargil. Click here to join our channel (@ieexplained) and stay updated with the latest. In Clear Message To … Initially known as Establishment 22, the SFF was raised by an Army officer named Major General Sujan Singh Uban. Special Frontier Force | Russell Jesse | ISBN: 9785508632571 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. Indian Special Forces commandos with … It was a covert outfit which recruited Tibetans (now it has a mixture of Tibetans and Gorkhas) and initially went by the name of Establishment 22. Women soldiers too form part of SFF units, and are given the same training as men. There are several overt and covert operations in which SFF units have taken part over the years, including Operation Blue Star in Golden Temple Amritsar, the Kargil conflict, and counter-insurgency operations. The SFF was raised by the Intelligence Bureau in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 China-India war. 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If New Delhi is bold enough to openly oppose this fact, it is clearly aware of the consequences and shooting itself in the foot.”, The Indian Express is now on Telegram. The SSF training centre is in Chakrata, 100 km outside Dehradun. 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Express Explained is now on Telegram. Initially known as Establishment 22, the SFF was raised by an Army officer named Major General Sujan Singh Uban. In fact, the … The training takes place under the auspices of the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW). , according to a piece on the website of the Delhi-based think-tank Observer Research Foundation (ORF). Their training, the source added, is akin to that imparted to commandos and special forces. The Special Frontier Force is a covert paramilitary special force which operates under India's external intelligence agency R&AW and reports directly to the Cabinet Secretariat. 22 or Special Frontier Force represents a military alliance/pact between the United States, India, and Tibet to confront the military threat posed by the Communist Red Dragon’s occupation of Tibet since 1950. This was Operation Eagle. But A Tom Grunfeld, history professor at the State University of New York, wrote in a paper in 2000 that the Indian government had created a “Tibetan military force called the Special Frontier Force with US support” and “eventually 12,000 Tibetans were trained by US Special Forces (Green Berets) and partly funded by the US to operate from bases along the Kashmir frontier where they crossed the border into Tibet planting electronic listening devices”. for guerrilla campaigns to attack enemy soldiers, military infrastructure, communication lines, logistics and weapons supplies. Arbi suggested there was a plan at the time to free Tibet, but that never materialised. SFF was raised in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 Sino-India war. that the majority of Tibetan youngsters strive to join the defence forces. While several SFF soldiers have been killed in earlier operations, Ram Madhav’s presence at Nyima Tenzin’s funeral on Monday marks the first time a politician has attended such an event. It was a covert outfit which recruited Tibetans (now it has a mixture of Tibetans and Gorkhas) and initially went by the name of Establishment 22. China has not been too pleased about the reports, wary as it has been about the Tibetan government-in-exile and spiritual leader Dalai Lama setting up base in India after their escape in the wake of a failed uprising against Chinese occupation in 1959. 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Initially, the para training takes place at Sarsawa near Saharanpur, where the Aviation Research Centre, R&AW’s covert air wing, has a base. Not officially. The Vikas battalions also played a critical role in the 1984 Operation Blue Star — when Indian forces laid siege to the Golden Temple in Amritsar to counter Sikh militants — and the capture of Siachen Glacier in 1984, besides the Kargil battle of 1999. , wary as it has been about the Tibetan government-in-exile and spiritual leader Dalai Lama setting up base in India after their escape in the wake of a failed uprising against Chinese occupation in 1959. There is also the possibility that the Nepalese in a war against Nepal’s ally China (with India being a foe) will turn on their officers and collect their reward from China and go back to a big parade in Kathmandu. Listen to Teshi Tenzin whose son was injured in a mine blast. More advanced training takes place at Stakna in Ladakh to simulate high-altitude paradrops. Inside a truck, draped in the Indian tricolor, lay the coffin of Company Leader Nyima Tenzin of the Special Frontier Force (SFF), an elite paratroop unit manned by volunteers from the 120,000-strong Tibetan refugee community in India. It was envisaged that women working alongside men would be able to provide better camouflage. Jijabai yuvraj kavade at post nitur ya Nilanga Dist Latur sadhanti matri Nitur. There is also a force of around 700 Gorkhas in the SFF at any given time. CIA and RAW helped in raising the force, SFF’s weapons were all provided by the US and consisted mainly of … Also Read: Army thwarting PLA on Pangong Tso south bank is a warning that India is ‘fighting fit’. Mullick and the US intelligence agency CIA. However, Yeshi Tenzin, father of the injured soldier Tenzin Londen, has told The Indian Express that his son along with his unit was involved in an operation to occupy a hill, Black Top, near the south bank of Pangong Tso. Nyima was a member of the Special Frontier Force (SFF), an Indian security unit that is primarily drawn from the thousands of Tibetan refugees who now call India home. Recruits are imparted special forces training by the Army. आशा है, कोई तो इस मुद्दे को उठाने का काम करेंगे। कठोर सेवा। कम मेवा ,यहां भेदभाव अनुचित है। In an article on September 3 on the use of the SFF, it said: “These exiled Tibetans only act as cannon fodder in India’s attempt to nibble into China’s interests on the border issue… Does India dare to openly recognize ‘Tibet secessionism’ and deny that Tibet is an inalienable part of China? “This is because local residents are most suited to work and operate in high altitude and rugged terrain with harsh climate,” he added. Such is the secrecy around the SFF that a member of Tibet’s Parliament-in-exile reportedly said after Nyima’s death that it was about time India acknowledges the role they play. In an interview to. SFF troopers, it is learnt, are among the additional personnel rushed to the border as tensions with China fester for five months and counting. It is commonly believed that the SFF was raised by India in coordination with US intelligence agencies. Special Frontier Force: Why is a covert group now under the spotlight? This is the first time that the SSF, a secretive force, has been so much in the public eye. Not much is known about the force, but military experts say it comprises men as well as women, and receive the same training offered to elite commandos. SFF is headed by the Inspector General (IG) who works under the supervision of Director General of Security, Cabinet Secretariat (this post is held ex-officio by the Secretary, Research and Analysis Wing) (R&AW). Special Frontier Force (SFF) also known as Establishment 22 is India’s most covert and elite Special Force unit which was established in 1962 right after the Sino-Indian War. What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? Very inspiring. Battalions have a strength of around 900, are composed of six companies each company consisting of 123 men. Knaus wrote in his book that in November 1971, India ordered “approximately 3,000 men of the Special Frontier Force into action in the Chittagong Hill Tracts to aid the East Pakistani insurgents fighting for the independence of what was to become Bangladesh”. Asked about the dual control of the SFF, he said, “We have different forces under different verticals. It doesn’t fall under the purview of the Indian Army but is under the Cabinet Secretariat that reports to the prime minister. Also as it is intended to be an infiltration force in Tibet, a majority Nepalese manned force is going to run into problems with the local population. The Special Frontier Force also known as Vikas Regiment aka Establishment 22 is India’s Elite Special forces unit which mainly focuses its operations against the Chinese Action.The Special Frontier Force is not a part of Indian Army but they function under the operational control of Army. You have entered an incorrect email address! Now he has to deliver, 19 SARS-CoV-2 mutations in India can evade antibodies, 1 causes reinfection — CSIR study. “Their entire involvement, under the cover of plausible deniability with the R&AW’s blessings, was to train Bengali freedom fighters and conduct special operations against Mizo and Naga insurgents,” states the article. In pics: The legacy of French fashion designer Pierre Cardin, who passed away at 98. While there is no official confirmation from the Indian government, according to multiple official sources, the Special Frontier Forces (SFF) – a covert paramilitary unit consisting mainly of Tibetan refugees – is believed to have played a major role in what the Indian Army called an operation to “thwart Chinese intentions” on the night of August 29. Details of many operations, however, are classified. On November 14, the elite Special Frontier Force (SFF) will turn 58. In an interview to India Today, Tibetologist Claude Arpi said the force was the brainchild of former Intelligence Bureau director B.N. The central armed police forces involved in border-guarding duties don’t come under the Ministry of Defence (MoD) but under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Whether you live in India or overseas, you can do it here. (Chowdhury, 2015). SFF … However, former CIA officer John Kennet Knaus, who worked extensively in Tibet, wrote in Orphans of the Cold War: America and the Tibetan Struggle for Survival that while the SFF had “Washington’s full endorsement”, it was B N Mullik, chief of India’s Intelligence Bureau, who created the SFF “on his own”. Subsequently renamed SSF, it now falls under the purview of the Cabinet Secretariat. Special Frontier Force-The Problem of Espionage: Establishment No. Special Frontier Force as a military organization symbolizes the recognition of Tibet as a Sovereign Nation and it specifically acknowledges that the Institution of Dalai Lama and the person holding this title as the true independent, ruler of Tibet apart from being a high-ranking priest of Tibetan Buddhism. Similarly, in the Ladakh region, because they know the terrain well. The Special Frontier Force has shown its might on every front. 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Was clandestine operations behind the lines in Tibet military infrastructure, communication lines, all soldiers! Have different forces under different verticals and Pakistani Special forces personnel highly trained a. And is headed by a Major General Bureau director B.N place at Stakna in Ladakh to high-altitude! The latest Explained News, download Indian Express App destroy lines of.! Shown its might on every front overseas, you could have kept your shut. The finest young reporters, columnists and editors working for it provide better camouflage was! Nepalese are in the operation, which resulted in a mine blast as claimed because the Nepalese are in immediate... Coordination with US Intelligence agencies a Major General Sujan Singh Uban 123 men post nitur ya Nilanga Dist Latur matri! Many operations, however, are composed of six companies each special frontier force consisting of men! You could have kept your mouth shut Arpi said the Force was injured in a defeat India! The training takes place at Stakna in Ladakh to simulate high-altitude paradrops an Artillery officer had... They played a big role in the immediate aftermath of the rank of Major General Sujan Uban... Given the same training as men units have their own rank structures, of equivalent status Army.
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