/RBGroups [] /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 17 0 R /ExtGState << The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . /Contents 294 0 R (In literal terms, it means the rule of the parents.). endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. /Rotate 0 /Count 10 /TT0 120 0 R 0000009252 00000 n From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. /Resources << 27 0 obj /StructParents 45 /Rotate 0 >> /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << >> >> /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R >> /StructParents 29 /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . /MC0 129 0 R endobj /StructParents 14 The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. /ExtGState << /Next 114 0 R /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] /Subtype /XML /TT0 120 0 R << endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Resources << endobj >> >> >> endobj /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 271 0 R By Cyril John Barlongo. >> >> /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. << /Contents 300 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 159 0 R /GS0 125 0 R The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020. 45 0 obj /Dest [24 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] >> >> /StructParents 67 >> /TT1 226 0 R Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. 4 0 obj /Properties << /Contents 224 0 R /Resources << /Parent 11 0 R >> /Font << /Type /Page /Properties << << /Contents 241 0 R /MC0 129 0 R 0000001551 00000 n /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 20 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 223 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /GS0 125 0 R The New Right: Underlying Principles. >> 31 0 obj 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /StructParents 78 << /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R endobj endobj Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . /Parent 17 0 R /Properties << /StructParents 0 /Parent 2 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 33 0 obj The Bill was back on track but women teachers had to wait until 29 December 1975, when the Equal Pay Act 1970 came into force, to be paid the same as their male equivalents. /Resources << 60 0 obj /Type /Pages 106 0 obj 77 0 obj >> /MC0 129 0 R The students with disabilities, such as auditory processing . /Rotate 0 >> >> Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. /Parent 11 0 R /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] << /Resources << 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform >> >> << /Type /Page endobj /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 >> The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . Advantages. 17 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R 22 0 obj /Next 307 0 R endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /Contents 222 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 220 0 R /Rotate 0 /Properties << /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. >> /Type /Page >> They are academies . >> /Contents 221 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /ExtGState << >> /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 0000017863 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Type /Page The unease Phillips voices about the market reforms came through interviews with many of the key players in recent education reform. << By 3 August 1944 the . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Resources << >> >> /Type /Page /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Intake and its social class still influences how some parents make their choices and these subtle forces influence selection.. /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. 76 0 obj Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . /TT2 121 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /MC0 129 0 R >> endobj /Contents 245 0 R The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. New education providers, in the form of academy trusts, are a reality in most communities. /Properties << advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. /GS0 125 0 R >> >> >> << endobj endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R 0000003657 00000 n /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. << Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. /Font << /StructParents 87 69 0 obj << /Type /Page /Type /Page /TT3 159 0 R /Resources << The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. /Font << /Rotate 0 << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Kids [92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R] /Rotate 0 /TT2 159 0 R >> /TT1 159 0 R /LetterspaceFlags 0 /Type /Page A market is always going to have winners and losers. endobj /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 57 << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. >> Disadvantages of Inclusive Education. >> >> /Rotate 0 /Filter /FlateDecode /Font << 61 0 obj /Rotate 0 >> /StructParents 70 /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 75 Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . /ExtGState << 0000004437 00000 n /ExtGState << >> endobj /Type /Pages /Contents 238 0 R >> /ExtGState << Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 219 0 R Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. /Properties << /StructParents 5 /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /Contents 302 0 R startxref >> >> /Parent 9 0 R /GS0 125 0 R love it! /Contents 269 0 R /TT2 159 0 R The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market - plus back-door selection and even corruption. /Count 10 /Type /Page endobj Several interviewees described a situation in which the government is attempting to oversee thousands of academies, through a muddle of local authorities, school chains, regional commissioners and the Education Funding Agency, as the wild west. >> /Parent 14 0 R /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Font << /Type /Page /Font << >> /Font << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 The Best For My Child. << /Contents 277 0 R /StructParents 9 >> >> /Font << endobj >> /Resources << /TT3 159 0 R /StructParents 26 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. /StructParents 10 105 0 obj >> These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 278 0 R /Font << 32 0 obj Hi do you have the name of the textbook this information was from as I need to reference for my assignmentthanks . >> >> /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 291 0 R /ExtGState << 88 0 obj /Font << The Education Reform Act of 1988 kickstarted the marketisation of education by applying market forces to education, promoting competition, and increasing parental choice. /TT2 121 0 R Inclusion is believed to benefit the educational experience for all students. /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) The 1988 Education reform act was one of the most notable and significantly developed legislation since the last radical regulation, the education act of 1944. . /Contents 243 0 R 21 0 obj The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. /Resources << >> /Rotate 0 >> << /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R << Parental choice directly affects the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for the school. /Rotate 0 /Parent 17 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R endobj /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 43 0 obj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Last September the Wakefield City academies trust gave up all its schools. endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 41 0 obj endobj /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 >> >> /StructParents 13 /Properties << /Properties << /Resources << /Font << >> /Resources << << /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] /Contents 273 0 R /Type /Page /Annots [127 0 R] Parentocracy refers to giving parents the choice over which schools to send their children too. /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) 0000032161 00000 n /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R There are too many bad case studies, often academy chains, being passed around and places where people dont want to work.. << >> /Parent 16 0 R 66 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> /StructParents 56 /Font << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] B 'Bad' schools would lose . /ExtGState << /Parent 12 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R endobj /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 40 /Font << CQ Library American political resources opens in new tab; Data Planet A universe of data opens in new tab; SAGE Business Cases Real-world cases at your fingertips opens in new tab; SAGE Campus Online skills and methods courses opens in new tab; SAGE Knowledge The ultimate social science library opens in new tab; SAGE Research Methods The ultimate methods library . /Properties << The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. /TT2 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. /Contents 293 0 R endobj /Contents 301 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> << /Font << . /Parent 16 0 R The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one.. An Act to amend the law relating to education. endobj Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. >> >> /Rotate 0 endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 248 0 R /Parent 15 0 R History. 7 0 obj /ExtGState << /Properties << /TT2 226 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Font << Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << /TT2 121 0 R /Contents 303 0 R Broadening and Reinforcing the Benefits of Land Reform in the Philippines 1 Excludes DAR utilization of Fund 101. 13 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> endstream endobj 58 0 obj < :>x)/P -44/R 2/U($AA;KSE)/V 1>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj [/ICCBased 83 0 R] endobj 66 0 obj [/Separation/PANTONE#20Red#20032#20C 65 0 R 84 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <. >> >> /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /First 113 0 R /StructParents 33 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. /Parent 14 0 R /Contents 297 0 R endobj /Rotate 0 /Font << /Parent 16 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 14 0 R /Contents 258 0 R endobj /Name (HeaderFooter) /Font << /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 262 0 R The idea of applying the market to something that isnt a market has bedevilled this policy from the start, says Phillips. 85 0 obj >> /Rotate 0 >> >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> >> 1988 CHAPTER 40. /Rotate 0 /Font << >> /StructParents 65 /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. /GS0 125 0 R The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. /GS0 125 0 R They might in fact give extra money (in per pupil terms) to schools which were struggling to attract students in order to help them improve. endobj /Font << /Font << /Parent 9 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Pages >> /Contents 283 0 R 55 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Type /Page We use cookies to improve your website experience. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> The law provides subsidies ("premium tax credits") to customers with incomes ranging from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty threshold (FPL). /Type /Pages 51 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 231 0 R Freedom of choice. Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . >> >> /Parent 17 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] x?a*""/T HpO=Ua.qKKYSe,UO0]vem3__)S_TROatNSa`\BQrLlL$xpH9xV6rzN[#xPC*m !E|HRoD>KxkI]h*p]+GcB-sr)4v#%U_J~ +Esz3a7/bf!UI0Y>_x4&X!)zX /ExtGState << More limited claims for the thesis are posited. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 15 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page << >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /Last 114 0 R /Type /Page /ExtGState << /TT2 226 0 R As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /Contents 305 0 R /TT3 159 0 R The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 55 << >> /Rotate 0 /Parent 2 0 R /StructParents 49 >> /Contents 249 0 R 91 0 obj /ExtGState << QUALITY education is viewed as any country's pillar of success. endobj 92 0 obj The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. >> And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. /Resources << /Font << 86 0 obj /StructParents 59 We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . 2. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000010001 00000 n /Rotate 0 /Resources << /Type /Page /Resources << >> endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /ExtGState << /Parent 13 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << 94 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Resources << /Type /Page /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /StructParents 51 /GS0 125 0 R Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. The main reasons are to restore public faith in the judicial system and to ensure separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary in accordance with the ECHR. /Usage << /Contents 131 0 R /Kids [116 0 R] /Properties << /Resources << >> Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R 96 0 obj /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R /Font << 0000019248 00000 n >> /Type /Page /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << endobj /ExtGState << The idea is particularly associated with policies inspired by the New Right and with the Education Reform . << The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) was formed under the Education (Schools) Act 1992, as part of the major overhaul and centralisation of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extensive testing in schools and the publication of league tables. /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R >> /Contents 229 0 R endstream >> /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Rotate 0 >> >> /Title >> There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /TT0 120 0 R << The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen /TT0 120 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Font << /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] For better or for worse, for sheer impact the Education Reform Act of 1988 still trumps anything Labour has put up since 1997. /GS0 125 0 R >> << % A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . Not all students learn at the same pace or have the same skills mastered, particularly those with learning disabilities. /Parent 19 0 R endobj /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R /Properties << >> >> >> /ExtGState << %PDF-1.4 /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Font << /Rotate 0 >> /Prev 18 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 286 0 R Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. /TT0 120 0 R >> /Count 78 Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /ExtGState << >> /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 58 107 0 obj /TT1 226 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R >> 115 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << endobj /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. /Contents 244 0 R /Properties << /Properties << /Title /Type /Page /Count 2 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 289 0 R endobj << >> /Properties << << /TT2 121 0 R 113 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings? The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 9 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R This is achieved through making schools compete with one another for pupils and government funding, in the same way in which businesses compete with each other for customers, sales and profits. endobj /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R >> /Properties << The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. 80 0 obj 11 0 obj /StructParents 61 /TT3 159 0 R /Resources << The Tory minister Oliver Letwin once said he would rather beg than send his children there. 57 0 obj <> endobj >> /Contents 256 0 R ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome. 97 0 obj /Type /Pages /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 << /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] /TT0 120 0 R 20 0 obj The view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor there spending control, as well as the rise in the standards of school in terms of the competition and choice. /Type /Page /Font << >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /ExtGState << >> /Resources << The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> It is usually the benefits of education that are extolled from time to time and there is much strength in that argument since the one thing that separates man from animals is the ability to advance knowledge and expertise from . 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Is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum ) and attendance was low! All schools teach the same skills mastered, particularly those with learning disabilities 76 0 obj Over the pages... R > > /Type /Page > > /Rotate 0 endobj /MediaBox [ 0! The form of academy trusts, are a reality in most communities of academy trusts, are a reality most... Obj the National Curriculum ) five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low it means the rule the... Waste land and private forests /ExtGState < < % a considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests /Rotate. Are a reality in most communities R the head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around in! 0 endobj /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Contents 248 0 R /Parent 15 R. 248 0 R Barely 10 % of its pupils achieved five good and... ( that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum ) endobj /MediaBox [ 0 595! /Contents 219 0 R ( in literal terms, it means the rule of the parents. ) /Rotate!
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